Managing Chronic Pain with Medical Marijuana

Chronic pain, a persistent and often debilitating condition, affects millions worldwide, disrupting their daily lives and well-being. Conventional treatments, such as over-the-counter pain relievers and prescription medications, may offer some relief, but they often come with undesirable side effects or the risk of dependency.

As the search for alternative and effective methods to manage chronic pain continues, medical marijuana has emerged as a promising option. This article explores the potential of medical marijuana as a viable solution for managing chronic pain, presenting scientific evidence and practical considerations to provide an accessible and informative overview for readers of all backgrounds.

What causes chronic pain?

Chronic pain is a complex and multifaceted condition that can arise from various underlying factors. Unlike acute pain, which typically occurs due to injury or illness and resolves as the body heals, chronic pain persists for a longer duration, often lasting for months or even years. Some common causes of chronic pain include:

1. Injuries: Sometimes, an injury, such as a broken bone or a sprain, may not heal properly, leading to prolonged pain even after the initial injury has healed.
2. Surgery: Surgical procedures can sometimes lead to complications or nerve damage, causing persistent pain post-surgery.
3. Nerve damage: Conditions like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or injuries can cause nerve damage, leading to chronic pain known as neuropathic pain.
4. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation, as seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to ongoing pain due to the body’s immune response.
5. Degenerative conditions: Progressive conditions, such as osteoarthritis or degenerative disc disease, can cause chronic pain as the affected joints or spinal discs deteriorate.
6. Musculoskeletal disorders: Conditions that affect the muscles, tendons, and ligaments, such as fibromyalgia or myofascial pain syndrome, can lead to persistent pain.
7. Cancer: Tumors can cause chronic cancer pain by pressing on nerves, bones, or organs or due to the side effects of cancer treatments.
8. Infections: Some infections, like shingles or Lyme disease, can cause lingering pain even after treatment.
9. Migraines and other headache disorders: Chronic headaches or migraines can cause ongoing pain that may be difficult to manage.
10. Psychological factors: In some cases, chronic pain may be influenced or exacerbated by stress, anxiety, or depression.

It can be challenging to diagnose and treat chronic pain, as the underlying cause may not always be identifiable. In some cases, chronic pain may be classified as “idiopathic,” meaning that no specific cause can be found. Effective chronic pain management often requires a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating various treatments and therapies to address the condition’s physical, emotional, and psychological aspects.

Symptoms of Chronic Pain from Various Conditions

In this section, we’ll review a few common medical conditions and how they may cause patients to experience chronic pain.

Arthritis is a common cause of chronic pain and encompasses various joint disorders characterized by inflammation, swelling, and stiffness. Osteoarthritis, the most prevalent form, results from the wear and tear of joint cartilage over time, leading to bone-on-bone contact and causing pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder, occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and joint deformity. Symptoms of arthritis can range from mild to severe and often worsen with age or physical activity.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas called tender points. Symptoms can vary in intensity, including sleep disturbances, headaches, cognitive difficulties, and mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors that alter how the brain processes pain signals.

Neuropathic pain arises from damage or dysfunction in the nervous system and is often described as burning, tingling, or shooting sensations. Common conditions that can cause neuropathic pain include diabetic neuropathy, sciatica, shingles, and multiple sclerosis. Diabetic neuropathy, for instance, typically presents as a burning or tingling sensation in the extremities, often affecting the feet and legs first. Sciatica, on the other hand, results from compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that radiates from the lower back down the leg.

Migraines and tension headaches are chronic pain conditions that affect the head and neck region. Migraines are characterized by moderate to severe throbbing or pulsating pain, often concentrated on one side of the head, accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Tension headaches, the most common type, are characterized by a constant, dull, aching pain, often described as a tight band around the head or pressure at the temples or back of the head.

Endometriosis is when the tissue that lines the uterus, known as the endometrium, grows outside the uterus, causing chronic pelvic pain, painful menstrual periods, and pain during intercourse. Symptoms can vary in severity, including heavy menstrual bleeding, fatigue, and gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, constipation, or bloating. In some cases, endometriosis can lead to fertility problems.

Is Chronic Pain a Qualifying Condition for MMJ?

Chronic pain is often considered a qualifying condition for medical marijuana (MMJ) in many places where its use has been legalized for medicinal purposes. However, the specific qualifying conditions and regulations surrounding MMJ can vary greatly depending on the jurisdiction or country. It is crucial to consult local laws and regulations to determine whether chronic pain is a qualifying condition in your area.

In the United States, medical marijuana programs are regulated at the state level. Most states with medical marijuana programs include chronic pain as a qualifying condition, though the precise definition and criteria for chronic pain may differ from state to state. Some states may require that the pain be severe, intractable, or persistent, while others may have a more inclusive definition.

In Canada, medical marijuana is legal nationwide and regulated by Health Canada. Chronic pain is considered a qualifying condition for medical marijuana use, and healthcare practitioners can authorize it for patients experiencing chronic pain from various conditions.

In Europe, the legality and availability of medical marijuana vary by country. Some countries, like Germany and Italy, have established medical marijuana programs where chronic pain may be considered a qualifying condition. However, in other European countries, medical cannabis laws may be more restrictive or not yet established for the treatment of chronic pain.

It is essential to research the specific regulations and guidelines in your jurisdiction before pursuing medical marijuana as a treatment for chronic pain. Additionally, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional knowledgeable about medical marijuana to determine whether it is a suitable treatment option for your specific situation.

How Can I Get a Medical Marijuana Card?

Leafy DOC offers a straightforward process, knowledgeable customer support, and an excellent experience. The price is competitive without sacrificing quality, and they offer health services from a health coach even after you’ve obtained a medical card. With thousands of satisfied patients and hundreds of TrustPilot reviews to back that up, if you’re wondering where to get a medical card fast and secure, this is the website to visit. 

THE PROCESS:

• Book appointment. Skip unnecessary trips to the doctor’s office and make your appointment from the comfort of your home. Provide basic medical history and book your appointment.
• Match with a physician. Connect with the right doctor and talk to your provider on your phone or tablet. The provider will evaluate your condition and will address your questions.
• Receive your medical card. You’ll receive a Physician’s certification, and the Leafy DOC team will be available to address any questions and support your upgraded lifestyle.  There is a money-back guarantee if you are not approved for the card.

THE PRICE:

An online recommendation with Leafy DOC starts at 99 USD for new patients and renewals; however, the cost varies depending on the state. We suggest clicking “get started” on the website to select your state and learn more about pricing. While you’re there, look at the additional offer of a personalized health coach.

Which cannabinoids can help with pain relief?

Cannabinoids are the active compounds in cannabis plants that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, a network of receptors regulating various physiological processes, including pain. There are over 100 known cannabinoids, but the two most well-studied and widely recognized for their potential pain-relieving properties are:

1. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): THC is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis responsible for the “high” sensation. It binds to CB1 receptors in the brain and central nervous system, helping to modulate pain perception. THC effectively reduces pain from various causes, including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and nociceptive pain. THC has muscle-relaxant and anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute to its analgesic effects.
2. Cannabidiol (CBD): CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that has gained popularity for its potential therapeutic benefits without causing the “high” associated with THC. CBD interacts with multiple targets in the body, including CB1 and CB2 receptors, serotonin receptors, and TRPV1 receptors, which are involved in pain and inflammation modulation. CBD has shown promise in reducing pain from various sources, including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and nociceptive pain. CBD is also known for its anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties, possibly contributing to its pain-relieving effects.

Apart from THC and CBD, other cannabinoids such as cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabichromene (CBC) have also shown potential in pain relief. Still, more research is needed to fully understand their therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action.

The optimal combination and dosage of cannabinoids for pain relief may vary depending on the individual and the specific cause of pain. Some patients may find relief with CBD alone, while others may benefit from a combination of THC and CBD, which can have synergistic effects, also known as the “entourage effect.” Consulting with a healthcare professional experienced in medical cannabis can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan for managing chronic pain with cannabinoids.

What does the research say?

In the study titled “A Scoping Review on Clinical Trials of Pain Reduction With Cannabis Administration in Adults,” published online on June 4, 2020, authors Reham Haleem and Robert Wright conducted a scoping review of clinical trials to explore the current state of evidence on the use of cannabis for pain reduction in adults.

The authors systematically searched several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, for relevant clinical trials published between January 2000 and January 2020. They aimed to identify the types of pain studied, the methods of cannabis administration, and the outcomes reported in these clinical trials.

The scoping review identified 41 clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria. The trials investigated the use of cannabis for various types of pain, including neuropathic pain, cancer-related pain, and fibromyalgia. The studies employed different methods of cannabis administration, such as smoked, vaporized, oral, and sublingual formulations. The primary outcome of interest in these trials was pain reduction.

The authors concluded that growing evidence supports the use of cannabis for pain reduction in adults. They found that most clinical trials demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in pain following cannabis administration. However, the authors also acknowledged that more high-quality, large-scale clinical trials are needed to understand better the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of cannabis to treat pain. They emphasized the importance of further research to address the knowledge gaps and inform healthcare providers, patients, and policymakers about the potential benefits and risks of using cannabis to relieve pain.

Medical Cannabis Vs. Opiates

Medical cannabis and opiates are two different options for treating chronic pain, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Medical marijuana (MMJ) has been gaining attention as an alternative to opiates for chronic pain management due to its potential benefits and lower risk profile. Some studies have suggested that MMJ may have decreased opiate medication use in certain situations.

1. Safety profile: One of the primary advantages of medical cannabis over opiates is its safety profile. Opiate pain medications, such as morphine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone, can be highly effective for pain relief but are associated with a high risk of dependence, addiction, and overdose. On the other hand, medical cannabis has a much lower risk of dependence, and there have been no reported cases of fatal overdose due to cannabis use.
2. Reduced side effects: Opiates can cause significant side effects, including drowsiness, constipation, nausea, and respiratory depression. While medical cannabis can also cause side effects, such as dizziness, dry mouth, and short-term memory impairment, these are generally considered less severe and easier to manage compared to the side effects of opiates.
3. Synergistic effects: Some research has shown that combining medical cannabis with opiates may have synergistic effects, allowing patients to use lower doses of opiates to achieve the same level of pain relief. This can reduce the risk of developing tolerance, dependence, and side effects associated with opiate use.
4. Opiate-sparing effect: Several studies have suggested that medical cannabis may help reduce opiate medication use in patients with chronic pain. A review of 42 studies published in 2020 found that medical cannabis use was associated with reduced opioid use in chronic pain patients. Another study of patients with chronic pain using medical cannabis reported a 64% reduction in opioid use and improved pain control and quality of life.

Top 10 Medical Cannabis Strains for Pain Management

It is essential to understand that individual experiences with medical cannabis strains can vary, and what works for one person may not necessarily work for another. The best strain for pain management depends on several factors, including the specific type of pain, the individual’s tolerance to cannabis, and their personal preferences. However, some strains are generally more popular and have been reported to be effective in managing pain. Here is a list of 10 medical cannabis strains commonly recommended for pain management:

• ACDC: A sativa-dominant strain with a high CBD-to-THC ratio, known for its pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects without causing significant psychoactive effects.
• Harlequin: Another sativa-dominant strain with a high CBD content, Harlequin is known for its relaxing effects and has been reported to be effective in managing neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
• Blackberry Kush: An indica-dominant strain with high THC content, Blackberry Kush is often recommended for severe or chronic pain, muscle spasms, and insomnia.
• Blue Dream: A hybrid strain with a balanced THC-to-CBD ratio, Blue Dream is famous for relieving pain while providing a gentle, uplifting effect.
• Cannatonic: A high-CBD strain with a low THC content, Cannatonic is known for its relaxing and calming effects, making it suitable for managing pain, inflammation, and anxiety.
• White Widow: A balanced hybrid strain, White Widow is prevalent for its euphoric and uplifting effects, providing pain relief while keeping the user alert and functional.
• Granddaddy Purple: An indica-dominant strain, Granddaddy Purple is known for its potent pain-relieving and muscle-relaxing effects and ability to promote restful sleep.
• Afghan Kush: Another indica-dominant strain, Afghan Kush is known for its pain-relieving and sedative effects, making it suitable for managing severe pain, muscle spasms, and insomnia.
• GSC (Girl Scout Cookies): A hybrid strain with high THC content, GSC is famous for its potent analgesic effects, making it suitable for managing severe pain and inflammation.
• Jack Herer: A sativa-dominant strain, Jack Herer is known for its uplifting and energizing effects, making it suitable for managing pain while maintaining focus and alertness during the day.

Summary: Medical Marijuana for Chronic Pain

In conclusion, medical marijuana has shown great promise as an alternative treatment for managing chronic pain, offering potential relief to those suffering from various conditions. The scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness and the growing number of patient anecdotal accounts from medical cannais users make it an increasingly attractive option for individuals seeking a more natural and holistic approach to pain management.

As research continues to advance our understanding of the therapeutic properties of medical marijuana, it is vital that we share this knowledge with the public, promoting informed decision-making and empowering patients to explore new avenues for treatment. By embracing the potential of medical marijuana, we may be able to offer hope and improved quality of life for millions of chronic pain sufferers around the world.